Momentum School — Trend & Momentum

Core
Momentum

Streamlined momentum for any account
Annual Return
10.0%
Sharpe Ratio
0.93
Max Drawdown
−13.7%
$100K → (2007–2025)
$604K
Model Overview

The smallest drawdown in the Peregrine lineup

The Core Momentum is Peregrine's streamlined momentum strategy. It applies the same systematic, rules-based mechanism as SRM+ — trend filtering and momentum ranking — to a compact universe of seven broadly diversified ETFs that mirror the fund options available in most employer-sponsored retirement plans.

The result is a strategy that delivered 10.0% annualised returns since 2007 — growing $100,000 into $604,000 — while never drawing down more than 13.7%. That is the shallowest maximum drawdown of any strategy in the Peregrine lineup. Over the same period, a buy-and-hold of the S&P 500 fell 55% in 2008 and a static 60/40 portfolio lost nearly 35%.

"I want market-like returns without market-sized drawdowns."

Core Momentum is built for investors who prioritise capital preservation alongside growth. It matches the S&P 500's long-run return neighbourhood while cutting its maximum drawdown by three quarters — delivering more return per unit of risk (Sharpe 0.93 vs 0.61).

Start following Core Momentum allocations this month — 30 days free.

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Proven Results

Market-class returns with a fraction of the pain

The chart below shows the growth of $100,000 invested in the Core Momentum model, the S&P 500 (SPY), and a static 60/40 portfolio from January 2007 through December 2025 — a period that includes the 2008 financial crisis, the 2020 COVID crash, the 2022 bond and equity bear market, and two full bull cycles. Source: Peregrine_Canonical_Numbers.ipynb, single yfinance session.

Growth of $100,000 · January 2007 – December 2025
Core Momentum vs Benchmarks
Core Momentum ($604K)
SPY — S&P 500 ($691K)
Static 60/40 ($443K)

Model performance represents total returns including reinvestment of dividends and interest. No management fees, transaction costs, or taxes included. Backtested performance is not a guarantee of future results. Data sourced from a single yfinance session; numbers may differ slightly from other sources due to dividend treatment and resampling methodology.

Performance Metrics (2007–2025)

Strategy Annual Return Sharpe Ratio Max Drawdown Final Value ($100K)
SPY (S&P 500) 10.7% 0.61 −55.2% $691,000
Static 60/40 8.2% 0.71 −34.7% $443,000

The S&P 500 finishes with a higher dollar total — but the path to get there included a 55% drawdown that forced millions of real investors to sell at the bottom and lock in permanent losses. The Core Momentum model's edge is not in beating SPY's final number; it is in dramatically reducing the likelihood that you capitulate during the journey. A Sharpe ratio of 0.93 versus 0.61 means 52% more return earned per unit of volatility accepted.

The Mechanism

How the Core Momentum model works

The Core Momentum model shares the same intellectual foundation as SRM+ — built on Faber (2006) on trend-following and Moskowitz, Ooi & Pedersen (2011) on time-series momentum. The mechanism is identical; the difference is the asset universe and the parameter configuration, which are tuned for the fund types available in most employer-sponsored plans.

1

Screen the 7-asset universe for trend

On the last trading day of each month, each of the seven ETFs is evaluated against a proprietary medium-term moving average. Assets failing this trend test are disqualified from consideration — this is the filter that kept the Core Momentum model largely in safe-haven assets during the 2008 equity collapse and the 2022 bear market. It is the primary mechanism behind the strategy's record-low drawdown.

2

Rank trend-eligible assets by recent momentum

Among assets that pass the trend filter, each is ranked by its recent price momentum over a proprietary lookback period. The highest-ranking assets by momentum advance to portfolio allocation. With a smaller universe than SRM+, the Core Momentum model produces a more concentrated bet on the strongest broad market themes — U.S. large cap, small cap, growth, value, or international.

3

Allocate with discipline and hold until next month

Selected assets receive tiered weightings based on their momentum rank. A proprietary rebalancing band prevents unnecessary trading when positions drift only slightly from their targets. Any asset failing the trend test is replaced with SHV (T-bills) at its allocated weight, keeping capital working even in defensive posture.

Rigorously validated out-of-sample

Like SRM+, the Core Momentum configuration was finalised against development-period data through 2018, then validated on a completely separate out-of-sample period from 2019 through 2025. The out-of-sample performance confirmed the strategy's ability to manage drawdowns while maintaining competitive returns — providing meaningful evidence against overfitting.

Asset Universe

The 7 ETFs in the Core Momentum universe

The Core Momentum universe is intentionally compact — seven broadly diversified ETFs that correspond to the fund categories available in virtually every employer-sponsored retirement plan. Five represent distinct equity exposures across size, style, and geography. One provides fixed-income diversification. The safe-haven asset protects capital when equities and bonds both fail the trend filter.

SPY
S&P 500
IJR
Small Cap
IWF
U.S. Growth
IWD
U.S. Value
EFA
Intl. Developed
AGG
Agg. Bonds
SHV
T-Bills (Safe Haven)

Gold border indicates defensive/non-equity asset. SHV holds the weight of any asset failing the trend filter. Most 401(k) plans offer index fund equivalents to each of these ETFs — check your plan's fund lineup for S&P 500, small cap, growth, value, international, and bond index options.

The Core Momentum Advantage

Why this model exists alongside SRM+

SRM+ uses twelve granular sector ETFs that most 401(k) plans don't offer. The Core Momentum model solves that constraint with a universe designed around the funds you actually have access to — and in doing so, discovers a different kind of edge.

Shallowest drawdown of all four strategies

At −13.7%, Core Momentum's maximum drawdown is the smallest in the Peregrine lineup. For context: the S&P 500 drew down 55% over the same period. Smaller drawdowns mean less emotional pressure to sell at the worst possible time — the single biggest destroyer of long-term returns for real investors.

Works in any account, not just 401(k) plans

The name reflects its origin — designed for the fund constraints of employer plans. But the ETFs in this universe trade freely in any brokerage account. If you prefer a simpler, broader approach to momentum investing with fewer moving parts than SRM+, this model works equally well in IRAs and taxable accounts.

Diversified across size, style, and geography

The equity universe spans U.S. large cap, small cap, growth, value, and international developed markets. This style diversification means the model can rotate into whatever leadership regime the market rewards — growth in 2020, value in 2022, international in 2024 — without being locked into U.S. sectors alone.

Simpler to implement

Seven assets instead of twelve. The monthly rebalancing update takes roughly five to ten minutes. Fewer positions mean fewer trades, lower potential tax events in taxable accounts, and an easier conversation with yourself about what you own and why.

Subscriber Voices

What Core Momentum subscribers say

★★★★★
"I run Core Momentum in my 401(k) at work and SRM+ in my Roth IRA. The Core Momentum model is perfect because my plan only has broad index funds. Five minutes a month and I'm done."
James L.
Project manager, Georgia
★★★★★
"The 2022 bear market is what sold me. I watched coworkers lose 25% in their target-date funds. The model had me mostly in T-bills. That's when I knew the trend filter was real."
Patricia M.
Nurse, Florida
★★★★★
"I use Core Momentum in a taxable account, not a 401(k). The seven-fund universe keeps things simple and the drawdown protection lets me sleep at night. Best $29 I spend each month."
Robert K.
Retired teacher, Arizona
Suitability

Is the Core Momentum model right for you?

Core Momentum is a strong fit for a wide range of investors, but like any systematic strategy it works best when you understand what you own and why you own it.

  • Your 401(k) or employer plan offers broad index funds (S&P 500, small cap, growth, value, international, bond index) but not individual sector ETFs.
  • You value drawdown protection over absolute maximum returns — you would rather avoid a 55% loss than chase an extra point of annual return.
  • You want a simpler portfolio with fewer positions and fewer monthly trades than SRM+.
  • You can rebalance once a month — approximately 5–10 minutes at month-end following the dashboard update.
  • You also have an IRA or taxable account and prefer broad market diversification over sector granularity.
  • You want the absolute highest returns in the Peregrine lineup. SRM+ has a higher CAGR (12.8%) at the cost of a deeper maximum drawdown (−17.2%).
  • You want exposure to gold or long-duration Treasuries as part of the momentum rotation. Those assets are in SRM+, not this model.
Getting Started

Start following the Core Momentum model in three steps

1

Start your free trial

Visit the pricing page and begin your 30-day free trial. No commitment, no upfront charge. Immediate access to all four strategies including the Core Momentum model.

2

Match your plan's funds

Check which index funds in your employer plan correspond to our seven ETFs. Most plans offer equivalents for S&P 500, small cap, growth, value, international, and bond index. The dashboard shows current target allocations.

3

Rebalance monthly

On the last trading day of each month the dashboard updates. Log in, check the target weights, and adjust your holdings to match. Five to ten minutes, once a month.

30-day free trial · $29/month after · All four strategies included

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Frequently Asked Questions

Core Momentum FAQs

What ETFs does the Core Momentum model use? +
The model selects monthly from a 7-asset universe: SPY (S&P 500), IJR (Small Cap), IWF (U.S. Growth), IWD (U.S. Value), EFA (International Developed), AGG (Aggregate Bonds), and SHV (T-bills) as the safe haven. Most employer plans offer index fund equivalents for each of these categories.
My 401(k) doesn't offer these exact ETFs. Can I still use it? +
Yes. The model uses ETFs as proxies for asset classes. If your plan offers a "Large Cap Index" fund, use it in place of SPY. A "Small Cap Index" replaces IJR. A "Growth Index" replaces IWF, and so on. What matters is matching the asset class, not the exact ticker. We provide a fund-matching guide for common providers like Fidelity, Vanguard, and Schwab.
The S&P 500 has a higher return. Why not just hold SPY? +
Because the path matters as much as the destination. SPY's 10.7% came with a 55% drawdown in 2008 — a loss so severe that millions of real investors sold at the bottom and never recovered. The Core Momentum model's 10.0% came with a maximum drawdown of just 13.7%. The Sharpe ratio (0.93 vs 0.61) tells the same story: the model delivers more return per unit of risk. Over a 20- to 30-year career, the strategy that keeps you invested through every bear market compounds better than the one that makes you capitulate once.
How is this different from SRM+? +
Both use the same core mechanism — proprietary trend and momentum signals — but with different asset universes tuned to different use cases. SRM+ uses a 12-asset universe covering nine equity sectors plus gold, aggregate bonds, and long Treasuries — designed for IRAs and taxable accounts. The Core Momentum model uses a smaller, broader universe of seven funds designed for employer plans and investors who prefer simplicity. SRM+ has higher returns (12.8%); Core Momentum has a shallower drawdown (−13.7%).
Can I use this in a non-retirement account? +
Absolutely. The model works in any account type — IRAs, Roth IRAs, taxable brokerage accounts, HSAs with brokerage access, and 529 plans. Its compact universe and shallow drawdown make it particularly well-suited for investors who want systematic momentum exposure with minimal complexity.
How often does the portfolio change? +
The portfolio is evaluated monthly, but the rebalancing band means not every evaluation produces trades. In trending markets, the same holdings may persist for two to four months. During volatile transitions, rotation is more frequent. The smaller universe tends to produce slightly fewer trades per year than SRM+.
Is this investment advice? +
No. Peregrine Research provides educational content and systematic model portfolios for informational purposes only. We are not a registered investment advisor. Nothing on this site constitutes personalized investment advice. All investment decisions are solely your responsibility.
The information on this page is for informational and educational purposes only. Performance figures are derived from backtested data using historical ETF prices obtained via yfinance and do not represent actual trading results. Backtested performance does not guarantee future results. All returns shown are hypothetical and do not account for management fees, transaction costs, slippage, bid-ask spreads, or taxes, which would reduce performance. The Core Momentum strategy involves investing in ETFs and is subject to market risk, including the possible loss of all capital invested. Peregrine Research is not a registered investment advisor or broker-dealer. Nothing on this site should be construed as personalized investment advice. Consult a qualified financial professional before making investment decisions. All risks and costs associated with investing are your responsibility.